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cdrskin − burns preformatted data to CD, DVD, and BD-RE via libburn. |
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cdrskin [options|track_source_addresses] |
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cdrskin is a program that provides some of cdrecord’s options in a compatible way for CD media. With DVD and BD-RE it has its own ways. You do not need to be superuser for its daily usage. |
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Blanking of CD-RW and DVD-RW. |
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Track recording model |
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The input-output entities which get processed are called
tracks. A track stores a stream of bytes. More than one track can be burned by a single run of
cdrskin. In the terms of the MMC standard all tracks written
by the same run constitute a session. In general there are two types of tracks: data and audio.
They differ in sector size, throughput and readability via
the systems’ CD-ROM drivers resp. by music CD players.
With DVD and BD there is only type data. While audio tracks just contain a given time span of
acoustic vibrations, data tracks may have an arbitray
meaning. Nevertheless, ISO-9660 filesystems are established
as a format which can represent a tree of directories and
files on all major operating systems. Such filesystem images
can be produced by programs mkisofs or genisoimage. They can
also be extended by follow-up tracks if prepared properly.
See the man pages of said programs. cdrskin is able to
fulfill the needs about their option -C. |
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In general there are two approaches for writing
media: |
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CD-R can be initially written only once and eventually
extended until they get closed (or are spoiled because they
are overly full). After that they are read-only. Closing is
done automatically unless option -multi is given
which keeps the media appendable. |
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Currently DVD-RW, DVD-R and DVD+R[/DL] can be used for
the Sequential recording model. |
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Overwriteable DVD or BD Media: |
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Currently types DVD+RW, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM and BD-RE can be
overwritten via cdrskin. DVD+RW and DVD-RAM media need no special initial
formatting. They offer a single continuous data area for
blockwise random access. BD-RE need explicit formatting
before use. See blank=as_needed or
blank=format_defectmgt . |
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The drives, either CD burners or DVD burners, are
accessed via addresses which are specific to libburn and the
operating system. Those addresses get listed by a run of
cdrskin --devices. If you only got one CD capable drive then you may leave
out cdrskin option dev=. Else you should use this
option to address the drive you want. |
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Option --allow_emulated_drives enables addressing
of pseudo-drives which get emulated on top of filesystem
objects. Regular data files and block devices result in
pseudo-drives which behave much like DVD-RAM. If the given
address does not exist yet but its directory exists, then it
gets created as regular file. Other file types like
character devices or pipes result in pseudo-drives which
behave much like blank DVD-R. The target file address is
given after prefix "stdio:". |
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−−help |
Show non-cdrecord compatible options. |
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−help |
Show cdrecord compatible options. |
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Note that some of the help texts are quite wrong - for cdrecord as well as for cdrskin (e.g. -format, blank=, -load). They are, nevertheless, traditional indicators for the availability of the listed options. Some frontend programs make decisions after reading them. |
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−version |
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Print cdrskin id line, compatibility lure line, libburn version, cdrskin version, version timestamp, build timestamp (if available), and then exit. |
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Alphabetical list of options which are intended to be compatible with original cdrecord by Joerg Schilling: |
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−atip |
Retrieve some info about media state. With CD-RW print "Is erasable". With DVD media print "book type:" and a media type text. With BD media print "Mounted Media:" and media type text. |
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−audio |
Announces that the subsequent tracks are to be burned as audio. The source is supposed to be uncompressed headerless PCM, 44100 Hz, 16 bit, stereo. For little-endian byte order (which is usual on PCs) use option -swab. Unless marked explicitely by option -data, input files with suffix ".wav" are examined wether they have a header in MS-WAVE format confirming those parameters and eventually raw audio data get extracted and burned as audio track. Same is done for suffix ".au" and SUN Audio. |
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Option -audio may be used only with CD media and not with DVD or BD. |
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blank=type |
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Blank a CD-RW, DVD-RW, or format a DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, BD-RE. This is combinable with burning in the same run of cdrskin. The type given with blank= selects the particular behavior: |
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as_needed |
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Try to make the media ready for writing from scratch. If
it needs formatting, then format it. If it is not blank,
then try to apply blank=fast. It is a reason to abort if the
media cannot assume thoroughly writeable state, e.g. if it
is non-blank write-once. |
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The following blank types are specific to particular media familes. Use them if special features are desired. |
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all |
Blank an entire CD-RW or an unformatted DVD-RW. (See also --prodvd_cli_compatible, --grow_overwriteable_iso) |
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fast |
Minimally blank an entire CD-RW or blank an unformatted DVD-RW. (See also --prodvd_cli_compatible, --grow_overwriteable_iso) |
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deformat_sequential |
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Like blank=all but with the additional ability to blank
overwriteable DVD-RW. This will destroy their formatting and
make them sequentially recordable. Another peculiarity is
the ability to blank media which appear already blank. This
is similar to option -force but does not try to blank media
other than recognizable CD-RW and DVD-RW. |
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deformat_sequential_quickest |
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Like blank=deformat_sequential but blanking DVD-RW only minimally. This is faster than full blanking but may yield media incapable of Incremental Streaming (-tao). |
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format_if_needed |
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Format a media if it is not overwriteably formatted yet,
and if cdrskin supports formatting for the media type, and
if formatting will not happen automatically during write.
This currently applies to unformatted DVD-RW, DVD-RAM and
BD-RE. Eventually the appropriate default formatting is
chosen. If other media or states are encountered then
nothing happens. |
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format_overwrite |
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Format a DVD-RW to "Restricted Overwrite". The
user should bring some patience. |
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format_overwrite_quickest |
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Like format_overwrite without creating a 128 MiB trailblazer session. Leads to "intermediate" state which only allows sequential write beginning from address 0. The "intermediate" state ends after the first session of writing data. |
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format_overwrite_full |
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For DVD-RW this is like format_overwrite but claims full
media size rather than just 128 MiB. Most traditional
formatting is attempted. No data get written. Much patience
is required. |
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format_defectmgt |
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Format DVD-RAM or BD-RE to reserve the default amount of
spare blocks for defect management. |
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format_defectmgt_cert_off |
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Disable the usual media quality certification in order to
save time and format to default size. The certification
setting persists even if subsequent blank= options override
the size of the format selection. |
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format_defectmgt_cert_on |
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Re-enable the usual media quality certification and
format to default size. The certification setting persists
like with format_defectmgt_cert_off. |
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format_defectmgt_max |
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Format DVD-RAM or BD-RE to reserve a maximum number of spare blocks. |
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format_defectmgt_min |
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Format DVD-RAM or BD-RE to reserve a minimum number of spare blocks. It might be necessary to format format_defectmgt_none first in order to get offered the most minmal spare blocks sizes for format_defectmgt_min. |
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format_defectmgt_none |
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Format DVD-RAM or BD-RE to the largest available payload in the hope to disable defect management at all. This seems not to have a speed increasing effect, though. |
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format_defectmgt_payload_<size> |
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Format DVD-RAM or BD-RE. The text after "format_defectmgt_payload_" gives a number of bytes, eventually with suffixes "s", "k", "m". The largest number of spare blocks will be chosen which allows at least the given payload size. |
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format_by_index_<number> |
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Format DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM or BD-RE. The number after "format_by_index_" is used as index to the list of available format descriptors. This list can be obtained by option --list_formats. The numbers after text "Format idx" are the ones to be used with format_by_index_. Format descriptor lists are volatile. Do neither eject nor write the media between the run of --list_formats and the run of blank=format_by_index_ or else you may get a different format than desired. |
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help |
Print this list of blanking types. |
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−checkdrive |
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Retrieve some info about the addressed drive and then exit. Exits with non-zero value if the drive cannot be found and opened. |
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−dao |
Alias for option -sao. Write CD in Session at Once mode or DVD-R[W] in Disc-at-once mode. |
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−data |
Subsequent tracks are data tracks. This option is default and only needed to mark the end of the range of an eventual option -audio. |
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dev=target |
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Set the address of the drive to use. Valid are at least
the addresses listed with option --devices, X,Y,Z addresses
listed with option -scanbus, ATA:X,Y,Z addresses listed with
options dev=ATA -scanbus, and volatile libburn drive numbers
(numbering starts at "0"). Other device file
addresses which lead to the same drive might work too. |
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driveropts=opt |
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Set "driveropts=noburnfree" to disable the drive’s eventual protection mechanism against temporary lack of source data (i.e. buffer underrun). A drive that announces no such capabilities will not get them enabled anyway, even if attempted explicitely via "driveropts=burnfree". |
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−dummy |
Try to perform the drive operations without actually affecting the inserted media. There is no warranty that this will work with a particular combination of drive, media, and write mode. Blanking is prevented reliably, though. To avoid inadverted real burning, -dummy refuses burn runs on anything but CD-R[W], DVD-R[W], or emulated stdio-drives. |
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−eject |
Eject the disc after work is done. |
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−force |
Assume that the user knows better in situations when cdrskin or libburn are insecure about drive or media state. This includes the attempt to blank media which are classified as unknown or unsuitable, and the attempt to use write modes which libburn believes they are not supported by the drive. |
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Another application is to enforce blanking or
re-formatting of media which appear to be in the desired
blank or format state already. |
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−format |
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Same as blank=format_overwrite_full -force but restricted to DVD+RW. |
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fs=size |
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Set the fifo size to the given value. The value may have
appended letters which multiply the preceding number: |
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gracetime=seconds |
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Set the grace time before starting to write. (Default is 0) |
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-immed |
Equivalent to: |
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modesty_on_drive=1:min_percent=75:max_percent=95 |
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-inq |
Print the identification of the drive and then exit. |
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-isosize |
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The next track following this option will try to obtain
its source size from the header information out of the first
few blocks of the source data. If these blocks indicate an
ISO-9660 filesystem then its declared size will be used
under the assumption that it is a single session
filesystem. |
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-load |
Load the media and exit. Exit value is 0 if any kind of media was found, non zero else. Note: Option -eject will unload the media even if -load is given. |
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-lock |
Like option -load but leave the drive’s eject button disabled if there is any media found and not option -eject is given. |
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Use program "eject" or cdrskin -eject to get the tray out of the drive. Runs of programs like cdrecord, growisofs, wodim, cdrskin will not be hampered and normally enable the drive’s eject button when they are done. |
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minbuf=percentage |
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Equivalent to: |
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msifile=path |
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Run option -msinfo and copy the result line into the file
given by path. Unlike -msinfo this option does not redirect
all normal output away from standard output. But it may be
combined with -msinfo to achieve this. |
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−msinfo |
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Retrieve multi-session info for preparing a follow-up
session by option -C of programs mkisofs or genisoimage.
Print result to standard output. This option redirects to
stderr all message output except the one of option
--tell_media_space and its own result string, which consists
of two numbers. The result string shall be used as argument
of option -C with said programs. It gives the start address
of the most recent session and the predicted start address
of the next session to be appended. The string is empty if
the most recent session was not written with option
-multi. |
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−multi |
This option keeps the CD or unformatted DVD-R[W] appendable after the current session has been written. Without it the disc gets closed and may not be written any more - unless it is a -RW and gets blanked which causes loss of its content. |
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The following sessions can only be written in -tao mode.
-multi is prohibited with DVD-R[W] DAO write mode. Option
--prodvd_cli_compatible eventually makes -multi tolerable
but cannot make it work. |
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−nopad |
Do not add trailing zeros to the data stream. Nevertheless, since there seems to be no use for audio tracks with incomplete last sector, this option applies only to data tracks. There it is default. |
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−pad |
Add 30 kiB of trailing zeros to each data track. (This is not sufficient to avoid problems with various CD-ROM read drivers.) |
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padsize=size |
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Add the given amount of trailing zeros to the next data track. This option gets reset to padsize=0 after that next track is written. It may be set again before the next track argument. About size specifiers, see option fs=. |
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−raw96r |
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Write CD in RAW/RAW96R mode. This mode allows to put more payload bytes into a CD sector but obviously at the cost of error correction. It can only be used for tracks of fixely predicted size. Some drives allow this mode but then behave strange or even go bad for the next few attempts to burn a CD. One should use it only if inavoidable. |
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−sao |
Write CD in Session At Once mode, a sequential DVD-R[W] in Disc-at-once (DAO) mode, or a DVD+R[/DL]. |
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With CD this mode is able to put several audio tracks on
media without producing audible gaps between them. |
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−scanbus |
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Scan the system for drives. On Linux the drives at
/dev/s* and at /dev/hd* are to be scanned by two separate
runs. One without dev= for /dev/s* and one with dev=ATA for
/dev/hd* devices. (Option --drives lists all available
drives in a single run.) |
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speed=number |
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Set speed of drive. With data CD, 1x speed corresponds to
a throughput of 150,000 bytes/second. With DVD, 1x =
1,385,000 bytes/second. With BD 1x = 4,495,625 bytes/second.
It is not an error to set a speed higher than is suitable
for drive and media. One should stay within a realistic
speed range, though. Special speed settings are: |
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−swab |
Announce that the raw audio data source of subsequent tracks is byte swapped versus the expectations of cdrecord. This option is suitable for audio where the least significant byte of a 16 bit word is first (little-endian, Intel). Most raw audio data on PC systems are available in this byte order. Less guesswork is needed if track sources are in format MS-WAVE in a file with suffix ".wav". |
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−tao |
Write CD in Track At Once (TAO) mode, sequential DVD-R[W] in Incremental Streaming mode, or DVD+R[/DL] without traditional -sao restrictions. This mode also applies pro-forma to overwriteable media |
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Mode -tao can be used with track sources of unpredictable size, like standard input or named pipes. It is also the only mode that can be used for writing to appendable media which already hold data. With unformatted DVD-R[W] it is the only mode which allows -multi. |
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−toc |
Print the table of content (TOC) which describes the tracks recorded on disc. The output contains all info from option -atip plus lines which begin with "track:", the track number, the word "lba:" and a number which gives the start address of the track. Addresses are counted in CD sectors which with SAO or TAO data tracks hold 2048 bytes each. |
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Example. Retrieve an afio archive from track number 2: |
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tracknumber=2 |
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tsize=size |
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Announces the exact size of the next track source. This
is necessary with any write mode other than -tao if the
track source is not a regular disk file, but e.g.
"-" (standard input) or a named pipe. About size
specifiers, see option fs=. |
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−v |
Increment verbose level by one. Startlevel is 0 with only few messages. Level 1 prints progress report with long running operations and also causes some extra lines to be put out with info retrieval options. Level 2 additionally reports about option settings derived from arguments or startup files. Level 3 is for debugging and useful mainly in conjunction with somebody who had a look into the program sourcecode. |
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−waiti |
Wait until input data is available at stdin or EOF occurs at stdin. Only then begin to access any drives. |
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One should use this if cdrskin is working at the end of a
pipe where the feeder process reads from the drive before it
starts writing its output into cdrskin. Example: |
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Alphabetical list of options which are genuine to cdrskin and intended for normal use: |
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−-adjust_speed_to_drive |
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Curb explicitely given speed= values to the maximum which is announced by the drive for the loaded media. By default, such an adjustment is only made with pseudo-speeds 0 and -1 whereas speed settings > 0 are sent unchanged to the drive which will then choose an appropriate speed on its own. |
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−-allow_emulated_drives |
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Enable drive addresses of the form dev=stdio:<path>. See above, paragraph "Drive preparation and addressing". |
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−-allow_setuid |
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Disable the loud warning about insecure discrepance between login user and effective user which indicates application of chmod u+s to the program binary. One should not do this chmod u+s , but it is an old cdrecord tradition. |
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−-any_track |
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Allow source_addresses to begin with "-" (plus further characters) or to contain a "=" character. By default such arguments are seen as misspelled options. It is nevertheless not possible to use one of the options listed with --list_ignored_options. |
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assert_write_lba=block_number|byte_address |
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Abort if the write address given with this option is not
the same as predicted immediately before the write session
starts. This option can ensure that a start address which
was presumed by a formatter like mkisofs -C is really used
by the drive for writing. assert_write_lba=0 effectively
demands blank media and excludes appendables. |
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−-demand_a_drive |
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Exit with a nonzero value if no drive can be found during a bus scan. |
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−-devices |
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List the device file addresses of all accessible CD
drives. In order to get listed, a drive has to offer
rw-permission for the cdrskin user and it may not be busy.
The superuser should be able to see all idle drives listed
and busy drives reported as "SORRY" messages. |
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direct_write_amount=size |
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Do not write a session with tracks but rather make an
appropriate number of direct write operations with no
preparations. Flushing the drive buffer will be the only
finalization. It is advised to eject the media afterwards
because the write operations circumvent the usual system i/o
with its caches and buffers. By ejecting, those invalid
memory copies get surely discarded. |
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fallback_program=command |
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Set a command name to be executed if cdrskin encounters a
known cdrecord option which it does not yet support. If a
non-empty command is given with fallback_program=, and if no
essential options are given which are specific to cdrskin,
then cdrskin will delegate the job to said command. |
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fifo_start_at=size |
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Do not wait for full fifo but start burning as soon as the given number of bytes is read. This option may be helpful to bring the average throughput near to the maximum throughput of a drive. A large fs= and a small fifo_start_at= combine a quick burn start and a large savings buffer to compensate for temporary lack of source data. At the beginning of burning, the software protection against buffer underun is as weak as the size of fifo_start_at= . So it is best if the drive offers hardware protection which is enabled automatically if not driveropts=noburnfree is given. |
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−-grow_overwriteable_iso |
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Enable emulation of multi-session writing on
overwriteable media which contain an ISO-9660 filesystem.
This emulation is learned from growisofs -M but adapted to
the usage model of |
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−-list_formats |
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List the available format descriptors as reported by the
drive for the loaded media. Each descriptor line begins with
"Format idx" and the descriptor’s list
index, followed by a ":", the format type, the
number of payload blocks and that same number converted to
MiB. |
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−-list_ignored_options |
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List all ignored cdrecord options. The "-" options cannot be used as addresses of track sources. No track source address may begin with a text equal to an option which ends by "=". The list is ended by an empty line. |
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−-no_rc |
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Only if used as first command line argument this option prevents reading and interpretation of eventual startup files. See section FILES below. |
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−-prodvd_cli_compatible |
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Activates behavior modifications with some DVD situations
which bring cdrskin nearer to the behavior of
cdrecord-ProDVD: |
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−-single_track |
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Accept only the last argument of the command line as track source address. |
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tao_to_sao_tsize=size |
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Set an exact fixed size for the next track to be in
effect only if the track source cannot deliver a size
prediction and no tsize= was specified and an exact track
size prediction is demanded by the write mode. |
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--tell_media_space |
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Prepare a recording session, do not perform it but rather
inquire the maximum number of 2048 byte data blocks which
may be written in the current state of media with the
prepared setup. So this option disables recording of data.
It does allow blanking, though, and will measure space
afterwards. |
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write_start_address=byte_offset |
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Set the address on media where to start writing the
track. With DVD+RW, DVD-RAM or BD-RE byte_offset must be
aligned to 2 kiB blocks, but better is 32 kiB. With DVD-RW
32 kiB alignment is mandatory. |
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Alphabetical list of options which are only intended for very special situations and not for normal use: |
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−-abort_handler |
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Establish default signal handling not to leave a drive in busy state but rather to shut it down and to wait until it has ended the final operations. This option is only needed for revoking eventual --ignore_signals or --no_abort_handler. |
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−-allow_untested_media |
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Enable the use of media profiles which have been
implemented but not yet tested. Currently this applies to
: |
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dev_translation=<sep><from><sep><to> |
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Set drive address alias. This was necessary before
cdrskin-0.2.4 to manually translate cdrecord addresses into
cdrskin addresses. |
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−-drive_abort_on_busy |
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Linux specific: Abort process if a busy drive is encountered. |
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−-drive_blocking |
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Linux specific: Try to wait for a busy drive to become free. This is not guaranteed to work with all drivers. Some need nonblocking i/o. |
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−-drive_f_setlk |
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Linux specific: Try to get exclusive lock on drive device file via fcntl(2). |
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−-drive_not_exclusive |
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Linux specific: Combine --drive_not_f_setlk and --drive_not_o_excl. |
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−-drive_not_f_setlk |
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Linux specific: Do not try to get exclusive lock on drive device file via fcntl(2). |
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−-drive_not_o_excl |
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Linux specific: Do not ask the operating system to prevent opening busy drives. Wether this leads to senseful behavior depends on operating system and kernel. |
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drive_scsi_dev_family=sr|scd|sg |
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Linux specific: Select a SCSI device file family to be
used for drive command transactions. Normally this is
/dev/sgN on kernel versions < 2.6 and /dev/srN on kernels
>= 2.6 . This option allows to explicitely override that
default in order to meet other programs at a common device
file for each drive. On kernel 2.4 families sr and scd will
find no drives. |
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−-drive_scsi_exclusive |
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Linux specific: Try to exclusively reserve device files /dev/srN, /dev/scdM, /dev/sgK of drives. This would be helpful to protect against collisions with program growisofs. Regrettably on Linux kernel 2.4 with ide-scsi emulation this seems not to work. Wether it becomes helpful with new Linux systems has to be evaluated. |
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−-fifo_disable |
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Disable fifo despite any fs=. |
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−-fifo_per_track |
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Use a separate fifo for each track. |
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−-fill_up_media |
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Expand the last track of the session to occupy all
remaining free space on the media. |
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grab_drive_and_wait=seconds |
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Open the addressed drive, wait the given number of seconds, release the drive, and do normal work as indicated by the other options used. This option helps to explore the program behavior when faced with busy drives. Just start a second cdrskin with option --devices while grab_drive_and_wait= is still active. |
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−-ignore_signals |
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Try to ignore any signals rather than to abort the program. This is not a very good idea. You might end up waiting a very long time for cdrskin to finish. |
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modesty_on_drive=<mode>[:min_percent=<num>][:max_percent=<num>] |
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Mode 1 keeps the program from trying to write to the
burner drive while its buffer is in danger to be filled by
more than max_percent. If this filling is exceeded then the
program will wait until the filling is at most
min_percent. |
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−-no_abort_handler |
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On signals exit even if the drive is in busy state. This is not a very good idea. You might end up with a stuck drive that refuses to hand out the media. |
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−-no_blank_appendable |
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Refuse to blank appendable CD-RW or DVD-RW. This is a feature that was once builtin with libburn. No information available for what use case it was needed. |
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−-no_convert_fs_adr |
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Do only literal translations of dev=. This prevents
cdrskin from test-opening device files in order to find one
that matches the given dev= specifier. |
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−-old_pseudo_scsi_adr |
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Linux specific: Use and report literal Bus,Target,Lun addresses rather than real SCSI and pseudo ATA addresses. This method is outdated and was never compatible with original cdrecord. |
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stream_recording="on"|"off" |
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By setting "on" request that compliance to the desired speed setting is preferred over management of write errors. With DVD-RAM and BD-RE this can bring effective write speed near to the nominal write speed of the media. But it will also disable the automatic use of replacement blocks if write errors occur. It might as well be disliked or ignored by the drive. |
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Get an overview of drives and their addresses: |
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cdrskin -scanbus |
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Get info about a particular drive or loaded media: |
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cdrskin dev=0,1,0 -checkdrive |
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Prepare CD-RW or DVD-RW for re-use, DVD-RAM or BD-RE for first use: |
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cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sg1 blank=as_needed -eject |
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Format DVD-RW to avoid need for blanking before re-use: |
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cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=format_overwrite |
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De-format DVD-RW to make it capable of multi-session again: |
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cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=deformat_sequential |
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Write ISO-9660 filesystem image as only one to blank or formatted media: |
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cdrskin -v dev=/dev/hdc speed=12 fs=8m \ |
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Write compressed afio archive on-the-fly (not possible with minimally blanked DVD-RW): |
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find . | afio -oZ - | \ |
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Write multi-session to the same CD, DVD-R[W] or DVD+R[/DL]: |
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cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -v padsize=300k -multi 1.iso |
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Get multi-session info for option -C of program mkisofs: |
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c_values=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -msinfo
2>/dev/null) |
|
Inquire free space on media for a -multi run: |
|
x=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -multi \ |
|
Write audio tracks to CD: |
|
cdrskin -v dev=ATA:1,0,0 speed=48 -sao \ |
|
Startup files: |
|
If not --no_rc is given as the first argument then cdrskin attempts on startup to read the arguments from the following files: /etc/default/cdrskin The files are read in the sequence given above, but none
of them is required for cdrskin to function properly. Each
readable line is treated as one single argument. No extra
blanks. A first character ’#’ marks a comment,
empty lines are ignored. |
|
Disabling superuser safety precautions: |
|
The superuser is normally banned from using any other emulated drive but /dev/null. This ban can be lifted by the existence of file /root/cdrskin_permissions/allow_emulated_drives where the directory must be owned by the superuser and
must not offer w-permissions for group or others. |
|
Formatting data track sources for cdrskin: |
|
mkisofs(8), genisoimage(8), xorriso(1), afio(1), star(1) |
|
Other CD/DVD/BD burn programs: |
|
cdrecord(1), wodim(1), xorriso(1) |
|
For DVD/BD burning (also tutor of libburn’s DVD/BD capabilities): |
|
growisofs(1) |
|
cdrskin was written by Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>. This manual page was started by George Danchev <danchev@spnet.net> and is now maintained by Thomas Schmitt. |